Papilloma in Cattle (Wart)-Bovine Papillomatosis

It is a contagious and infectious neoplastic viral disease of animals characterized by multiple benign tumours erupted on the cutaneous region.Papillomas are the result of basal-cell hyperplasia without viral antigen production.

Etiology

It is caused by bovine papillomavirus. There are 15 types were proposed.

They are transmitted either by direct or indirect contact like milking machines, fomites etc

BPV1, BPV2 causes fibroblast under the skin and cause fibro papilloma of skin, teat, udder, penis

BPV2-causes Cauliflower like fibro papilloma in anogenital regions,Enzootic Haematuria(Urinary bladder cancer) associated with ingestion of bracken fern

BPV4- cause tumour of upper gastrointestinal tract particularly cattle fed with bracken fern

BPV5-cause Cutaneous skin Wart, rice grain Fibropapilloma

BPV6-infect teats and udder

Commonly it affects 1-2 years young age animals particularly in head and neck

Sucking calves also get infections from the affected udder

After exposure to the virus, 3-6 weeks required to the eruption of the wart and it may last up to 2 years

Common site of development of wart are Head, Eyelid, Neck, Shoulder, Udder and Penis

Wart lesion in Cattle

Clinical findings

• A pedunculated outgrowth of the epidermis
• cauliflower-like small growth arising from stratified squamous epithelium
• Finger-like projections
• Rice grain fibro papilloma in udder
• Other systemic conditions are normal

Pedunculated wart lesion in Goat

Treatment

1. Anthiomaline

2. Auto Haemotherapy-Own blood therapy-Collection of own blood from the affected animal by IV, 20 ml for Cattle, 10ml for Goat. Then, immediately half amount of this blood administered via IM and another half administered via SC route at 7 days interval for 4-5 times

3. Autogenous Vaccine

4. Thuja ointment is also used with Anthiomaline as a combination therapy

5. Amman Pacharisi-a Herbal plant is also effective

6. Surgical removal for recommended cases

7. Nowadays, Cryogenic therapy with Liquid nitrogen has been used